Ingredients

12 bird chiles, dried

11 cloves garlic, peeled

3 stalks lemongrass, tough outer layers removed, thinly sliced

1 shallot, medium, thinly sliced

1½ galangal, or ginger, peeled or thinly sliced

1 tbsp vegetable oil

6 cardamom pods, whole

6 whole cloves

1 cinnamon stick, (1-inch)

2 tbsp coriander seeds

2 tsp cumin seeds

½ cup cilantro root, and/or stems

¼ cup peanuts, salted, dry-roasted

½ tsp ground nutmeg

½ tsp ground turmeric

½ tsp kosher salt

Preparation

Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Soak chiles in warm water in a small bowl for 15 minutes; drain and pat dry.

Toss chiles, garlic, lemongrass, shallot, and galangal with oil on a rimmed baking sheet. Roast, tossing once, for 6 to 8 minutes until fragrant and chiles are golden brown. Let the chile mixture cool.

Meanwhile, combine cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, coriander, and cumin in a small dry skillet and toast over medium heat for about 2 minutes until fragrant; let cool. Gently crush pods and remove cardamom seeds from pods; discard pods. Grind spices in spice mill or with mortar and pestle.

Transfer spices to a food processor; add chile mixture, cilantro, peanuts, nutmeg, turmeric, and salt, and process to a smooth paste.

Cover and chill.